Scope

This Hindu Compliance System gives direction on the preparations of sacred ash - bhasma and its application to attain liberation. For thousands of years, Hindus have been applying bhasma to remind them of great truths of life, and for healings from various mental and physical illnesses.  This standard will help organizations, businesses to prepare sacred ash- -bhasma and individuals with the correct procedure to apply it as mentioned in Hindu Scriptures. This will also be applicable to the following:

  • organizations seeking sustained success through the implementation of standards to produce the highest quality products
  • Individuals seeking to attain the ultimate goal of life and healing from various ailments. 
  • developers of related standards.

Fundamental Concepts and Principles

Procedure for Preparation of Bhasma - Sacred Ash

  1. The sacred cow-dung should be accepted reciting the Vamadeva mantra and then purified with the Sadyojata mantra (29). 
  2. Sacred cow-dung balls should be offered to fire reciting Aghora mantra and obtained with Tatpuruşa mantra. Devotees should always besmear carefully the sacred ashes on his body uttering the Isana mantra (30).
  3. Sacred ash is divided into three parts namely Santika, Paustika and Kämada. 
    1. The sacred ash prepared by the sacred cow-dung directly collected by hand (should not fall on the ground) and purified by the Pancha-brahma mantra is called the Santika ash (31).
    2. Cow-dung directly and carefully collected by hand duly purified by reciting Sadanga hymns is named as 'Paustika' ash (32). 
    3. Collecting the sacred ashes prepared by the cow-dung that naturally fall on the ground and duly purified with Prasad hymns is called the Kämada ash (33).

Guidelines on the application of Bhasma - Sacred Ash

  1. The sacred ash prepared by Sivāgni' is befitting for the Šivayogi. The sacred ashes prepared through the fire of virajā rites is also considered to be fit for besmearing (34). 
  2. The sacred ashes prepared through the Aupasana fire and samidha is fit for the householder (grhastha) and the young celibate (Brahmacari) respectively (35).
  3. The sacred ashes prepared in Agnihotra (sacrifice) is fit for all the three castes. Sacred ashes prepared from the fire of the kitchen of the Srotriya devotee (one who performs srotriya sacrifice) is fit for the Sudras (the people of the fourth category of caste system) and for the rest i.e. other than the fourth castes, the ashes prepared by the fire of the wood is to be besmeared (36).
  4. All the Brahmins, religious people and the knower of the Veda should always draw the Tripundrak reciting the Trāyusa hymns (60). 
  5. Brahmacāri (adherent of celibacy) should regularly put on the sacred ashes mixed up with the water reciting the hymns like *Medhavi 22 etc. (61). 
  6. Grhastha (householder) and the Vanaprastha (aged people who have retired from the family) should draw the Tripundrak reciting the hymns of Trymbaka 23 Pranava or Pancaksara (62). 
  7. Devotee (saints) should regularly draw the Tripundrak reciting the 'Hansa Mantra' three times adding the Pranava with it (ॐ हंस:). (63).

Guidelines on the application of Bhasma on the body:

  1. Besmearing the sacred ashes carefully from the legs to the head without using the water and reciting the Pancabrahma hymn or Pancaksara hymn is called the Uddhulan (41).
  2. Besmearing the sacred ashes mixing with the sacred water purified by the hymns is called Avagunthana. (42)
  3. Sacred ashes to be put with the three middle fingers reciting the five-syllable hymn (43).
  4. Tripundrak should be put on 32 parts, 16 parts, 8 parts, or 5 parts (of the body) (44).
    1. Instructions on putting Bhasma on 32 parts of the body:
      1. Head, forehead, 2 ears, 2 eyes, 2 noses, mouth, throat, 2 shoulders, 2 elbows, 2 wrists, chest, 2 lungs, naval, anus, penis, 2 hips, 2 thighs, 2 knees, 2 muscles of the legs, 2 feet - these are the thirty-two parts of the body on which putting the sacred ash is considered to be the superior procedure of besmearing (45-46). 
      2. 8 Astamürti Sivas, 148 Vidyeśvaras, 15 8 Dikpālas. 16 and 8 Vasu, are known as the divinities (adhipati devatä) concerning these thirty-two parts of the body. Learned devotees should put the lines of the sacred ashes uttering the names of these divinities (47). 
    2. Instructions on putting Bhasma on 16 parts of the body: 
      1. Tripundrak is to be put on sixteen parts of the body such as head, forehead, 2 ears, 2 shoulder, 2 elbows, 2 wrists, heart, naval, 2 sides of the chest, 2 backs and hips. 
      2. The names of the divinities of these sixteen places are Siva, Sakti, Sadasiva, Isvara, Rudra, Nasatya, Dastra, two Asvini-Kumāras and the nine Powers (Saktis) such as vāmals etc. 
      3. These sixteen devas are to be meditated upon at the time of putting the sacred ashes on the above mentioned sixteen parts of the body (48-50).
      4. Tripundra may be put on in the following sixteen places of the body such as head, mouth, 2 ears, 2 nose, 2 hands, heart, naval, 2 thais, 2 knees, 2 feet and back (51).
      5. 'Sri' and Prajapati are the divinities of the heart and naval respectively apart from Siva, Skanda, Moon, Sun, Vighnesa and Visnu (52).
      6. Naga and Naga-Kanyās (serpent girl) saints and the daughter of the saints, sea and the holy places of pilgrims are considered to be the divinities of the thais, legs, feet and back respectively (53).
    3. Instructions on putting Bhasma on 08 parts of the body:
      1. The following eight places are the head, forehead, 2 ears, 2 shoulders, heart and naval. 
      2. Brahma and the seven sages 19 are regarded as the divinities of these parts of the body (54-55). 
    4. Instructions on putting Bhasma on 05 parts of the body:
      1. Forehead, 2 hands, heart and navel. Panca-Brahma is regarded as its controlling agent (56). 
  5. The three celebrated principles of putting the Tripundrak on the different parts of the body should be observed considering the time and place. 
  6. The devotee who fails to perform the Uddhulan should observe the principle of Tripundrak (57).

Benefits of application of Bhasma - Sacred Ash

  1. The devotee attains the state of liberation by besmearing the sacred ashes (64). 
  2. Only besmearing the sacred ashes produces the results of the pilgrims of holy places. All the sins are destroyed only by putting the sacred ashes (65). 
  3. This sacred ash represents the light of God Sambhu. Meditating on the sacred ashes means to meditate on the god Siva. Seeing it produces the result of seeing God (66). 
  4. Ghosts, evil spirits, demons, intolerable diseases etc. all go away in the presence of the sacred ashes only, there is no doubt in it (67).
  5. There are no other means more effective than sacred ashes to get rid of the ghosts, to destroy the sins and to attain liberation. This is the instruction of Siva (68).
  6. Immense is the glory of the ashes. 
  7. Three horizontal lines of Tripundrak on the forehead symbolises the Brahmä, Vişnu and Maheśvara. (43)

References

The above standards have been taken into consideration from caṃdrajñānāgamā, caryā pāda and kriyā pāda which is foremost amongst the śaiva-agama. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All the standards are subjected to revision considering that it is compliant to Veda-āgama. All the interested parties are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the improvements in the above standards. 


 

विधान्तरं प्रवक्ष्यामि भस्मसंपादनं लघु । 

सद्येन गोशकृद् ग्राह्यं वामेन त्वभिमन्त्रयेत् ॥२९॥ 

अघोरेण दहेत् पिण्डं ग्राह्यं तत्पुरुषेण तु । 

नित्यमीशानमन्त्रेण स्वाङ्गे धार्यं प्रयत्नतः ॥३०॥

भस्मत्रैविध्यम् 

शान्तिकं पौष्टिकं भस्म कामदं च त्रिधा भवेत् । 

गोमयं योनिसम्बद्धं यद्धस्तेनैव गृह्यते ॥ 

ब्रह्ममन्त्रैश्च संदग्धं तच्छान्तिकमिहोच्यते ॥३१॥ 

सावधानेन गोयोनिनिस्सृतं गोमयं तु यत् ।

अन्तरिक्षे गृहीत्वा तं षडङ्गेन दहेत् ततः ॥ 

पौष्टिकं तु समाख्यातं कामदं तु ततः शृणु ॥३२॥ 

सुशुद्धे भूतले दैवात् पतितं गोमयं तु यत् । 

प्रसादेन दहेदेवमेतत् कामदमुच्यते ॥३३॥

___ भस्मधारणम् 

शिवाग्निजनितं भस्म शस्तं स्याच्छिवयोगिनाम् ।

विरजानलजं चैव धार्यं भस्म महामुनेः ॥३४॥

औपासनसमुत्पन्नं गृहस्थानां विशिष्यते । 

समिदग्निसमुत्पन्नं शस्तं वै ब्रह्मचारिणाम् ॥३५॥ 

त्रैवर्णिकानां सर्वषामग्निहोत्रसमुद्भवम् । 

शद्राणां श्रोत्रियागारपचनाग्निसमुद्भवम् ॥

अन्येषामपि सर्वेषां धार्यं दावानलोद्भवम् ॥३६॥ 

vidhāntaraṃ pravakṣyāmi bhasmasaṃpādanaṃ laghu । 

sadyena gośakṛd grāhyaṃ vāmena tvabhimantrayet ॥29॥ 

aghoreṇa dahet piṇḍaṃ grāhyaṃ tatpuruṣeṇa tu । 

nityamīśānamantreṇa svāṅge dhāryaṃ prayatnataḥ ॥30॥

bhasmatraividhyam 

śāntikaṃ pauṣṭikaṃ bhasma kāmadaṃ ca tridhā bhavet । 

gomayaṃ yonisambaddhaṃ yaddhastenaiva gṛhyate ॥ 

brahmamantraiśca saṃdagdhaṃ tacchāntikamihocyate ॥31॥ 

sāvadhānena goyoninissṛtaṃ gomayaṃ tu yat ।

antarikṣe gṛhītvā taṃ ṣaḍaṅgena dahet tataḥ ॥ 

pauṣṭikaṃ tu samākhyātaṃ kāmadaṃ tu tataḥ śṛṇu ॥32॥ 

suśuddhe bhūtale daivāt patitaṃ gomayaṃ tu yat । 

prasādena dahedevametat kāmadamucyate ॥33॥

___ bhasmadhāraṇam 

śivāgnijanitaṃ bhasma śastaṃ syācchivayoginām ।

virajānalajaṃ caiva dhāryaṃ bhasma mahāmuneḥ ॥34॥

aupāsanasamutpannaṃ gṛhasthānāṃ viśiṣyate । 

samidagnisamutpannaṃ śastaṃ vai brahmacāriṇām ॥35॥ 

traivarṇikānāṃ sarvaṣāmagnihotrasamudbhavam । 

śadrāṇāṃ śrotriyāgārapacanāgnisamudbhavam ॥

anyeṣāmapi sarveṣāṃ dhāryaṃ dāvānalodbhavam ॥36॥ 

त्रियायुषेण मन्त्रेण बुधैस्तिर्यक्त्रिपुण्ड्रकम् ।

धार्यं सदा द्विजश्रेष्ठर्धार्मिकैवैदपारगैः ॥६०॥ 

मेधावीत्यादिना वाऽपि ब्रह्मचारी दिने दिने । 

भस्मना सजलेनैव धारयेच्च त्रिपुण्ड्रकम् ॥६१॥ 

त्रियम्बकेन मन्त्रेण प्रणवेन शिवेन च । 

गृहस्थश्च वनस्थश्च धारयेच्च त्रिपुण्ड्रकम् ॥६२॥ 

ॐकारेण त्रिरुक्तेन सहसेन त्रिपुण्ड्रकम् । 

धारयेद् भिक्षुको नित्यमित्येतच्छिवशासनम् ॥६३॥

triyāyuṣeṇa mantreṇa budhaistiryaktripuṇḍrakam ।

dhāryaṃ sadā dvijaśreṣṭhardhārmikaivaidapāragaiḥ ॥60॥ 

medhāvītyādinā vā'pi brahmacārī dine dine । 

bhasmanā sajalenaiva dhārayecca tripuṇḍrakam ॥61॥ 

triyambakena mantreṇa praṇavena śivena ca । 

gṛhasthaśca vanasthaśca dhārayecca tripuṇḍrakam ॥62॥ 

oṃkāreṇa triruktena sahasena tripuṇḍrakam । 

dhārayed bhikṣuko nityamityetacchivaśāsanam ॥63॥

सर्वाङ्गमापादशिखमुद्भूलनमिदं स्मृतम् ॥४१॥ 

भस्मना मन्त्रितेनैव सजलेनानुलेपनम् । 

अवगुण्ठनमाख्यातं त्रिपुण्ड्रमथ कथ्यते ॥४२॥

त्रिपुण्ड्रधारणद्वात्रिंशत्स्थानानि 

त्रिपुण्ड्रं कारयेद्धीमान् ब्रह्मविष्णुशिवात्मकम् । 

मध्याङ्गुलिभिरादाय त्रिसृभिर्मूलमन्त्रितम् ॥४३॥ 

द्वात्रिंशत्स्थानके वाथ षोडशस्थानकेऽथवा । 

अष्टस्थाने तथा चैवं पञ्चस्थाने च योजयेत् ॥४४॥

 उत्तमाङ्गे ललाटे च कर्णयोर्नेत्रयोर्द्वयोः । 

नासावक्त्रगलेष्वेवमंसद्वयम् अनन्तरम् ॥४५॥ 

कूपरे मणिबन्धे च हृदये पार्श्वयोर्द्वयोः । 

नाभौ गुह्यद्वये चैव ऊर्वोः स्फिबिम्बजानुषु ॥ 

जाद्वये पादयोश्च द्वात्रिंशत् स्थानमुत्तमम् ॥४६॥ 

अष्टमूर्च्यष्टविद्येशदिक्पालवसवोऽधिपाः । 

एतेषां नाममात्रेण त्रिपुण्ड्रं धारयेद् बुधः ॥४७॥

षोडशस्थानानि

विदध्यात् षोडशस्थाने त्रिपुण्ड्रं च समाहितः।

शीर्षके च ललाटे च कर्णे चांसद्वयेऽपि च ॥४८॥ 

कूपरे मणिबन्धे च हृदये नाभिपार्श्वयोः ।

पृष्ठे चैवं प्रतिष्ठायां जपेत् तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥४९॥ 

शिवं शक्तिं च सादाख्यमीशं रुद्राख्यमेव च । 

नासत्यो दस्रकश्चैवमश्विनौ द्वौ समीरिती ॥ 

वामादिनवशक्तीश्च एताः षोडश देवताः ॥५०॥ 

अथवा मूर्ध्नि वक्त्रे च कर्णयोर्घाणके तथा । 

बाहुद्वये च हृदये नाभ्यामूर्वोयुगे तथा ॥ 

जानुद्वये च पदयोः पृष्ठभागे च षोडश ॥५१॥

शिवः स्कन्दश्च चन्द्राको विघ्नेशो विष्णुरेव च । 

श्रीश्चैव हृदये तद्वत् तथा नाभौ प्रजापतिः ॥५२॥ 

नागाश्च नागकन्याश्च ऋषयो ऋषिकन्यकाः ।

पादयोस्तु समुद्राश्च तीर्थं पृष्ठेऽपि च स्मृताः ॥५३॥

अष्टस्थानानि 

एवं वा षोडशस्थानमष्टस्थानमथोच्यते । 

शिरः स्थानं ललाटं च कर्णद्वयमनन्तरम् ॥५४॥ 

अंसयुग्मं च हृदयं नाभिरित्यष्टमं भवेत् । 

ब्रह्मा च ऋषयः सप्त देवताश्च प्रकीर्तिताः ॥५५॥ 

अथवा निटिलं बाहू हृदयं नाभिरेव च । 

भस्मस्थानानि कथ्यन्ते पञ्चब्रह्माणि देवताः ॥५६॥ 

यथासंभवमाकुर्याद् देशकालाद्यपेक्षया । 

उद्भूलनेऽप्यशक्तश्चेत् त्रिपुण्ड्रादीनि कारयेत् ॥५७॥

sarvāṅgamāpādaśikhamudbhūlanamidaṃ smṛtam ॥41॥ 

bhasmanā mantritenaiva sajalenānulepanam । 

avaguṇṭhanamākhyātaṃ tripuṇḍramatha kathyate ॥42॥

tripuṇḍradhāraṇadvātriṃśatsthānāni 

tripuṇḍraṃ kārayeddhīmān brahmaviṣṇuśivātmakam । 

madhyāṅgulibhirādāya trisṛbhirmūlamantritam ॥43॥ 

dvātriṃśatsthānake vātha ṣoḍaśasthānake'thavā । 

aṣṭasthāne tathā caivaṃ pañcasthāne ca yojayet ॥44॥

 uttamāṅge lalāṭe ca karṇayornetrayordvayoḥ । 

nāsāvaktragaleṣvevamaṃsadvayam anantaram ॥45॥ 

kūpare maṇibandhe ca hṛdaye pārśvayordvayoḥ । 

nābhau guhyadvaye caiva ūrvoḥ sphibimbajānuṣu ॥ 

jādvaye pādayośca dvātriṃśat sthānamuttamam ॥46॥ 

aṣṭamūrcyaṣṭavidyeśadikpālavasavo'dhipāḥ । 

eteṣāṃ nāmamātreṇa tripuṇḍraṃ dhārayed budhaḥ ॥47॥

ṣoḍaśasthānāni

vidadhyāt ṣoḍaśasthāne tripuṇḍraṃ ca samāhitaḥ।

śīrṣake ca lalāṭe ca karṇe cāṃsadvaye'pi ca ॥48॥ 

kūpare maṇibandhe ca hṛdaye nābhipārśvayoḥ ।

pṛṣṭhe caivaṃ pratiṣṭhāyāṃ japet tatrādhidaivatam ॥49॥ 

śivaṃ śaktiṃ ca sādākhyamīśaṃ rudrākhyameva ca । 

nāsatyo dasrakaścaivamaśvinau dvau samīritī ॥ 

vāmādinavaśaktīśca etāḥ ṣoḍaśa devatāḥ ॥50॥ 

athavā mūrdhni vaktre ca karṇayorghāṇake tathā । 

bāhudvaye ca hṛdaye nābhyāmūrvoyuge tathā ॥ 

jānudvaye ca padayoḥ pṛṣṭhabhāge ca ṣoḍaśa ॥51॥

śivaḥ skandaśca candrāko vighneśo viṣṇureva ca । 

śrīścaiva hṛdaye tadvat tathā nābhau prajāpatiḥ ॥52॥ 

nāgāśca nāgakanyāśca ṛṣayo ṛṣikanyakāḥ ।

pādayostu samudrāśca tīrthaṃ pṛṣṭhe'pi ca smṛtāḥ ॥53॥

aṣṭasthānāni 

evaṃ vā ṣoḍaśasthānamaṣṭasthānamathocyate । 

śiraḥ sthānaṃ lalāṭaṃ ca karṇadvayamanantaram ॥54॥ 

aṃsayugmaṃ ca hṛdayaṃ nābhirityaṣṭamaṃ bhavet । 

brahmā ca ṛṣayaḥ sapta devatāśca prakīrtitāḥ ॥55॥ 

athavā niṭilaṃ bāhū hṛdayaṃ nābhireva ca । 

bhasmasthānāni kathyante pañcabrahmāṇi devatāḥ ॥56॥ 

yathāsaṃbhavamākuryād deśakālādyapekṣayā । 

udbhūlane'pyaśaktaścet tripuṇḍrādīni kārayet ॥57॥

भस्ममहिमा 

भस्म ज्योतिः समानातमवश्यं तस्य धारणात् । 

संसारसागरं तीर्वा कैवल्यफलमश्नुते ॥६४॥ 

भस्मसंधारणादेव सर्वतीर्थफलं भवेत् । 

भस्मसंधारणात् सर्वं भस्मीभवति किल्बिषम् ॥६५॥ 

भस्मेदं शाम्भवं ज्योतिस्तद्ध्यानाद् ध्यात ईश्वरः । 

भस्मसंदर्शनादेव शिवदर्शनमश्नुते ॥६६॥ 

भूतप्रेतपिशाचाश्च महारोगाश्च दुस्सहाः । 

भस्मदर्शनमात्रेण पलायन्ते न संशयः ॥६७॥

भूतविद्रावणे पापसंहृतौ मुक्तिसाधने । 

न भस्मनोऽन्यत् सदुशमित्येतच्छिवशासनम् ॥६८॥ 

bhasmamahimā 

bhasma jyotiḥ samānātamavaśyaṃ tasya dhāraṇāt । 

saṃsārasāgaraṃ tīrvā kaivalyaphalamaśnute ॥64॥ 

bhasmasaṃdhāraṇādeva sarvatīrthaphalaṃ bhavet । 

bhasmasaṃdhāraṇāt sarvaṃ bhasmībhavati kilbiṣam ॥65॥ 

bhasmedaṃ śāmbhavaṃ jyotistaddhyānād dhyāta īśvaraḥ । 

bhasmasaṃdarśanādeva śivadarśanamaśnute ॥66॥ 

bhūtapretapiśācāśca mahārogāśca dussahāḥ । 

bhasmadarśanamātreṇa palāyante na saṃśayaḥ ॥67॥

bhūtavidrāvaṇe pāpasaṃhṛtau muktisādhane । 

na bhasmano'nyat saduśamityetacchivaśāsanam ॥68॥ 

त्रिपुण्ड्रधारणद्वात्रिंशत्स्थानानि 

त्रिपुण्ड्रं कारयेद्धीमान् ब्रह्मविष्णुशिवात्मकम् । 

मध्याङ्गुलिभिरादाय त्रिसृभिर्मूलमन्त्रितम् ॥४३॥ 

tripuṇḍradhāraṇadvātriṃśatsthānāni 

tripuṇḍraṃ kārayeddhīmān brahmaviṣṇuśivātmakam । 

madhyāṅgulibhirādāya trisṛbhirmūlamantritam ॥43॥ 

Terminology and Definitions

  1. Pancha-Brahma mantra (pañcabrahma mantra ) - The Pancha-Brahma mantras exalt Shiva through His five forms (faces) – Sadyojata, Vamadeva, Aghora, Tatpurusa and Isana. The five faces or forms of Shiva represent the five functions or acts (panchakrityas - paṃcakṛtya ) – creation, sustenance, dissolution, concealing grace and revealing grace, respectively. The five famous hymns dedicated in the name of Pancha Brahma has been mentioned in Taittiriya Aranyak, 10/43-47. These mantras are as follows:
    1. Vamadeva mantra (vāmadeva maṃtra) - वामदेवायनमो ज्येष्ठाय नमः श्रेष्ठाय नमो रुद्राय नमः कालाय नमः। कलविकरणाय नमो बलाय नमो बलविकरणाय नमो बलप्रमथनाय नमः।सर्वभूतदमनाय नमो मनोन्मनाय नमः॥ vāmadevāyanamo jyeṣṭhāya namaḥ śreṣṭhāya namo rudrāya namaḥ kālāya namaḥ। kalavikaraṇāya namo balāya namo balavikaraṇāya namo balapramathanāya namaḥ।sarvabhūtadamanāya namo manonmanāya namaḥ॥
    2. Sadyojata mantra (sadyojāta maṃtra) - सद्योजातं प्रपद्यामि सद्योजाताय वै नमो नमः। भवे भवे नाति भवे भवस्व मां भवोद्भवाय नमः॥ sadyojātaṃ prapadyāmi sadyojātāya vai namo namaḥ। bhave bhave nāti bhave bhavasva māṃ bhavodbhavāya namaḥ॥
    3. Aghora mantra (aghora maṃtra) - अघोरेभ्योऽथ घोरेभ्यो अघोरघोरेतरेभ्यः। सर्वतः शर्वः सर्वेभ्यो नमस्ते रुद्र रूपेभ्यः॥ aghorebhyo'tha ghorebhyo aghoraghoretarebhyaḥ। sarvataḥ śarvaḥ sarvebhyo namaste rudra rūpebhyaḥ॥
    4. Tatpuruşa mantra (tatpuruṣa maṃtra) - तत्पुरुषाय विद्महे महादेवाय धीमहि। तन्नो रुद्रः प्रचोदयात्॥ tatpuruṣāya vidmahe mahādevāya dhīmahi। tanno rudraḥ pracodayāt॥
    5. Isana mantra (īśāna maṃtra) - ईशान सर्वविद्यानामीश्वरः सर्वभूतानां ब्रह्मादिपति ब्रह्मणोऽधिपतिर्। ब्रह्मा शिवो मे अस्तु स एव सदाशिव ओम्॥ īśāna sarvavidyānāmīśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ brahmādipati brahmaṇo'dhipatir। brahmā śivo me astu sa eva sadāśiva om॥
  2. Sivāgni - fire purified with the proper hymn is called the śaiva agni. 
  3. Aupasana fire - This is another name of gṛhyagni. 
  4. Medhavi - "मह्यं मेधां वद मह्यं श्रियं वद । मेधावी भूयासमजराजरिष्णु ॥" ( Rg. Khil., 10.151/6).
  5. Nine Powers - Names of the nine powers are - Vama, Jyestha, Raudri, Kali, Kalavikarani, Balavikarani, Balapramathati, Sarvabhūta-damanī, and Manonmani. See Soma Sambhupaddhati. Karmakandakramavati.page:19-20. 
  6. Brahma and Seven Sages - According to Purānas sages are different in each Manvantara. In the present Vaivasvat Manvantara, the names of the seven sages are Vasista, Kasyap, Atri, Jamadagni, Gautam, Viśvāmitra and Bharadvāj.

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